Yes, a laser welding machine can burn through thin stainless steel sheets if the parameters are not set correctly. However, with proper setup, laser welding is one of the best methods for joining thin materials without excessive distortion or holes.
Why Burn-Through Happens
Welding through the material—commonly called \"burn-through\"—occurs when too much energy is delivered to a small area. Thin stainless steel sheets (typically under 0.5 mm) have low thermal mass, meaning they heat up quickly. If the laser power is too high or the travel speed too slow, the material can melt completely, creating a hole instead of a clean weld.
How to Prevent It
The key is balancing laser power, welding speed, and beam focus. Lower average power with a pulsed laser mode is often the best approach for thin stainless steel. Pulsing allows heat to dissipate between pulses, reducing the risk of overheating. Adjusting the focus so the beam is slightly defocused can also spread the energy and prevent penetration.
Joint Fit-Up and Gap Control Matter
Gaps between parts can increase the chance of burn-through, especially in butt joints. Tight, consistent fit-up helps control the melt pool. Clamping or fixturing should hold the sheets firmly in place without deforming them.
Use the Right Shielding Gas
Argon or argon-rich mixtures are commonly used for stainless steel. Proper gas flow protects the weld pool and stabilizes the process, reducing the need for excessive power.
Machine Capability and Control
Modern laser welding machines offer precise parameter control and real-time monitoring, which helps maintain consistent results. Systems with feedback features can detect anomalies early and reduce defects.
In summary, while laser welding machines can cause burn-through on thin stainless steel, the risk is easily managed with correct settings and good process control. When used properly, laser welding delivers strong, clean joints on thin materials without damaging the base metal.